NHBC Chapters 6.1 and 6.7, Approved Documents F, K, L, Q and B

    Windows and External Doors Inspection Checklist

    Cavity trays and closers, DPC and sill detail, fixings and packers, perimeter sealing and airtightness, glazing specification, security and escape requirements.

    24 checks · Reviewed by the ProPlot site team · How we write these guides

    In short

    The windows and external doors inspection checks the opening detail before and after the unit goes in: cavity closers and trays, DPC returns, sill support and end dams, correct fixings and packers, a continuous perimeter seal inside and out, and the right glazing, security and escape specification for each opening.

    Use it on site

    The window itself is rarely the problem. Almost every window-related defect is an opening detail: a missing cavity tray, a DPC that stops short, an unsealed perimeter, or a cill with no end dams. Water then arrives in the reveal months later and the window gets the blame.

    This stage is also where the airtightness strategy is won or lost. The perimeter gap around every opening in the building envelope is either sealed with a proper tape or sealant system before plastering, or it is not — and once the reveal is skimmed you cannot tell, but the pressure test can.

    Finally, openings carry more regulation than anything else in the wall: escape provision, glazing safety, restrictors at low cill heights, ventilation provision, security certification and thermal performance all land in the same aperture. Check the schedule per opening rather than assuming the supplier got it right.

    What happens at this visit

    When it happens

    As each plot is glazed, following the superstructure inspection. The opening detail must be checked before the unit is fitted and the perimeter seal before plastering.

    Who inspects

    Site manager and the installation contractor, with the warranty inspector reviewing the detail at the superstructure and pre-plaster visits.

    If it fails

    A missing tray or unsealed perimeter means water ingress or a failed pressure test, and the correction involves removing finishes, sometimes brickwork, around a unit already installed.

    How this visit is booked and recorded

    Inspection type
    Checked at the superstructure and pre-plaster key stage visits, and worth a dedicated site inspection as each plot is glazed.
    Notice required
    Self-managed. Inspect the opening before the unit is fitted and the perimeter before it is plastered — after that, most of this list is hidden.
    What it signs off
    Feeds the weathertightness milestone, the Part L airtightness evidence, the Part Q security compliance and the building control completion certificate.

    What the inspector will ask for

    • Window and door schedule with sizes, opening configuration and glazing specification
    • Escape window schedule showing clear openable area and cill heights
    • Part Q security certification for accessible doors and windows
    • Cavity tray and closer details for each opening type
    • Manufacturer fixing and installation instructions

    Photograph these moments in time

    • Cavity tray and end dams above each opening, before the outer leaf covers them
    • DPC return and cavity closer at the reveal, before the unit is fitted
    • Fixing positions and packers at the head, jambs and cill
    • The perimeter airtightness seal, internally, before plastering
    • Glazing manufacturer marks confirming toughened or laminated where required

    Concealed work cannot be re-photographed later. Take these before the element is covered and file them against the plot.

    Reportable Item hotspots at this stage

    A Reportable Item (RI) is a defect the inspector records against the plot. NHBC weigh each one by its Damage Potential, and the score feeds your site's Construction Quality Review. These are the ones raised most often here:

    • Cavity trays missing or without end dams above openings
    • Windows fixed through the frame into the cavity with no packing at the fixing points
    • Escape windows that do not achieve the required clear openable area once the unit is installed
    How Reportable Items and Quality Common Scoring work

    The windows and external doors checklist

    0 of 24 ticked — saved on this device

    Opening preparation and weathering detail

    • Check cavity trays are installed above every opening, with end dams and correctly lapped with the DPC

      NHBC 6.1
    • Verify weep holes are provided above the tray at the correct spacing and are clear of mortar

      NHBC 6.1
    • Confirm vertical DPCs return into the reveals and are continuous from cill to head

      NHBC 6.1
    • Check cavity closers are the specified insulated type, fitted tight with no gaps at the corners

      AD L
    • Verify the cill is fully supported, laid to fall, with end dams or stop ends as detailed

      NHBC 6.7
    • Confirm the lintel is the correct type and bearing for the opening, with any insulation in place

      NHBC 6.1

    Installation and fixing

    • Check the unit is plumb, level, square and centred in the opening within the permitted tolerance

      NHBC 6.7
    • Verify fixing type, positions and spacings follow the manufacturer’s instructions

      NHBC 6.7
    • Confirm packers are used at every fixing point and at load-bearing positions so the frame is not distorted

      NHBC 6.7
    • Check the frame has not been twisted or bowed by over-tightened fixings — operate every sash

      NHBC 6.7
    • Verify structural openings match the schedule so the tolerance gap is even on all sides

      NHBC 6.7

    Sealing, insulation and airtightness

    • Confirm the perimeter gap is insulated and sealed internally with a continuous airtightness system

      AD L
    • Check the external perimeter seal is continuous, of even width and applied to clean, dry substrate

      NHBC 6.7
    • Verify no daylight is visible around the frame from inside before the reveal is finished

      AD L
    • Confirm the reveal insulation and closer detail avoids a thermal bridge at the frame junction

      AD L

    Glazing, safety and ventilation

    • Check safety glazing is fitted in critical locations and is permanently marked as such

      AD K
    • Verify glazing units, coatings and spacer type match the specification used in the SAP calculation

      AD L
    • Confirm escape windows achieve the required clear openable area and cill height as installed

      AD B
    • Check restrictors are fitted where the cill height requires fall protection

      AD K
    • Verify trickle vents are fitted where the ventilation strategy relies on them, and are operable

      AD F

    Security and external doors

    • Confirm easily accessible doors and windows meet the security standard and certification is on file

      AD Q
    • Check external door thresholds are level access where required, and weathered correctly

      AD M
    • Verify door sets are fitted with the specified locking, hinges and hardware, all operating freely

      AD Q
    • Confirm the threshold detail maintains the DPC and drainage line without bridging the cavity

      NHBC 6.7

    Above and beyond: detail the hole, protect the unit

    The unit will be fine. It is the hole it sits in and the six weeks it spends on a live site that decide whether the customer is happy. No inspector will fail the visit on these — they are the difference between a plot that passes and a plot that hands over clean.

    • Photograph every opening before the unit goes in

      The tray, the dams, the DPC and the closer are all visible for about an hour. That photograph is the only proof they exist.

      When: Immediately before installation.

    • Leave the protective film on until the final clean, but check the expiry

      Film protects the frame from mortar and scaffold damage, but left too long in sunlight it bonds and becomes a job in itself to remove.

      When: From delivery to final clean.

    • Test the perimeter seal by eye from inside and outside before plastering

      Any daylight visible around the frame is a hole in the airtightness line and a cold bridge in the finished house.

      When: Before the reveal is boarded or plastered.

    • Operate every opening light and lock before signing the plot off

      Distortion from over-tightened fixings is common and only shows itself when the sash is used. It is cheap to correct while the fitter is still on site.

      When: At installation, and again at pre-handover.

    • Measure the clear openable area of escape windows on the installed unit

      The scheduled size and the achieved size differ once the frame, sash and hardware are in. Building control measures the achieved figure.

      When: On the first plot of each house type.

    • Fit corner and cill protection where a route passes an opening

      Damaged frames and scratched glass at handover are almost always caused by traffic during second fix.

      When: As soon as the unit is installed.

    Full inspection point register

    1 inspection points that apply at the windows and external doors stage, each written in our own words from openly published guidance, with how to check it on site and what counts as acceptable. Use the checklist above on the day and this register when you need to settle a detail.

    1. Background ventilator equivalent area

      How to check
      Check the ventilator equivalent area printed on the product data against the window schedule room by room — not the physical slot size.
      Acceptable when
      8000 mm² equivalent area to habitable rooms; 4000 mm² to kitchens, utility rooms and bathrooms
      See the measured value

    Most common reasons this visit fails

    Cavity tray missing or without end dams

    Water tracks along the tray and discharges into the reveal instead of out through the weeps. Usually shows as damp at the head of the window in the first winter.

    Reportable Item; correcting it means removing brickwork above the opening.

    Frame fixed without packers behind the fixing points

    The frame pulls out of square as the screws are tightened, the sash binds, and the seal compression is uneven.

    Perimeter never sealed internally

    The external mastic looks fine, but the internal airtightness line is open. It shows up as a failed pressure test and cold reveals.

    Fails the Part L airtightness target.

    Escape window short of the required clear opening

    The scheduled size was right but the installed frame, sash and hardware reduce the clear area below the requirement.

    Blocks the completion certificate until the unit is changed.

    Safety glazing missing in a critical location

    Side panels next to doors and low-level glazing supplied as standard units with no permanent mark.

    Requires replacement glazing, not a repair.

    Windows and External Doors inspection FAQs

    The opening detail first — cavity tray with end dams, weeps, vertical DPCs, insulated cavity closer and a supported cill — then the installation: plumb, level and square, correct fixings with packers, and a continuous perimeter seal inside and out. Glazing, escape, security and ventilation provision are checked against the schedule.

    A cavity tray is needed wherever the cavity is bridged or interrupted, which includes above openings in an external cavity wall. It must have end dams and weep holes above it so any water it collects discharges outward.

    In critical locations: glazing in doors and side panels within defined distances of the door edge, and low-level glazing below the critical height from floor level. The glass must be permanently marked to show it meets the standard.

    It must provide the required unobstructed clear openable area with the cill within the permitted height range above floor level. Measure the achieved opening on the installed unit rather than relying on the scheduled frame size.

    Almost always because the perimeter gap was insulated but never sealed with a continuous internal airtightness tape or sealant before the reveal was plastered. The external mastic keeps the weather out but does nothing for air leakage.

    Run this checklist live on site

    ProPlot's audit tool includes these windows and external doors checks as interactive helpers — tick items off, attach GPS-stamped photos, and share the report with your inspector in one tap. Free while in beta.

    Go deeper: Quality Intelligence

    Our free, cited reference library — critical dimensions, build stage guidance, common defects and plain-English guides.

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