NHBC Chapter 9.1–9.4

    External Works & Pre-Handover Inspection Checklist

    The plot outside the front door — levels and falls, DPC clearance, drives and paths, thresholds, drainage covers, boundaries, landscaping and meter boxes.

    23 checks · Reviewed by the ProPlot site team · How we write these guides

    In short

    The external works inspection covers everything outside the shell before handover. The inspector checks finished ground levels and DPC clearance, falls away from the building, drives, paths and paving, drainage covers and gullies, retaining structures, boundary treatments, and that air bricks and vents are clear and unobstructed.

    Use it on site
    External works section showing paving falls, threshold and drainagedwellingpaving falls away from the thresholdthreshold upstand kept low and chamferedgully clear and flushDPC clearExternal works — levels, drainage and safe access
    External works at the pre-handover stage: finished levels keeping the DPC clear, paving falling away from the threshold, and gullies clear and flush. ProPlot original drawing, prepared from the Building Regulations Approved Documents and British Standards. Indicative only — build to the approved drawings for the plot.

    External works are the last thing built and the first thing the buyer sees, which is a bad combination for quality. They are also where two earlier stages get quietly undone: ground levels raised during landscaping can bury a DPC that was correct when it was laid, and a drive laid to the wrong fall can send surface water back at a threshold that passed inspection months earlier.

    The inspector checks levels and falls first — away from the building everywhere, with at least 150mm of masonry above finished ground level, and no landscaping bridging the DPC. Then the surfaces: sub-base and construction depth for drives, edge restraint, jointing, lippage and trip hazards on paths, and the transition at accessible thresholds where a drainage channel usually does the work. Drainage covers should sit flush and at the right duty for whatever runs over them.

    Finally the plot-level items that generate handover complaints: boundary fences and walls plumb and to the right heights, gates operating, topsoil depth and turf laid to falls, meter boxes and external lighting complete, and everything clean and safe for a family to walk into. Clear this list before the pre-CML visit and that inspection becomes much shorter.

    What happens at this visit

    When it happens

    Once the plot is released from construction traffic and surfaces are laid — before the pre-CML visit, because incomplete externals are one of the most common reasons a CML inspection is aborted.

    Who inspects

    Warranty provider inspector at the pre-CML visit, the adopting authority for any roads and sewers being offered for adoption, and the buyer at handover.

    If it fails

    Level and fall problems mean lifting and re-laying finished surfaces. Buried DPCs are a warranty issue that can require excavating a perimeter trench around a completed home.

    How this visit is booked and recorded

    Inspection type
    Inspected as part of the pre-handover Key Stage Inspection, with Risk Based Inspections on retaining structures, steps and level thresholds.
    Notice required
    24 hours’ notice, but in practice book it with the pre-handover visit so both are cleared together.
    What it signs off
    A condition of the pre-handover inspection and the final certificate. Unsafe or unfinished access aborts the visit outright.

    What the inspector will ask for

    • External works and levels drawing
    • Retaining wall design where over 600mm
    • Surface water drainage and SuDS details
    • Approved Document M access route levels and gradients
    • Boundary treatment and adoption details for roads and footpaths

    Photograph these moments in time

    • Finished levels below DPC around the whole dwelling
    • Level threshold and access route gradients
    • Retaining structures before backfill
    • Surface water gullies and channel drains connected and clear
    • Paths, drives and boundary treatments complete

    Concealed work cannot be re-photographed later. Take these before the element is covered and file them against the plot.

    Reportable Item hotspots at this stage

    A Reportable Item (RI) is a defect the inspector records against the plot. NHBC weigh each one by its Damage Potential, and the score feeds your site's Construction Quality Review. These are the ones raised most often here:

    • Ground levels bridging the DPC
    • Level access threshold gradients out of tolerance
    • Surface water discharging towards the dwelling
    How Reportable Items and Quality Common Scoring work

    The numbers for this stage

    The measurable values most often argued about at the external works & pre-handover visit, each traced to an openly published source. Take a tape to the ones that apply before you book.

    Critical dimensions that apply at the external works & pre-handover inspection
    WhatValueType
    Accessible threshold upstandPrincipal entrance to a dwelling designed to be accessibleMeasure from the finished external surface to the top of the threshold after paving is laid, not from the DPC.15 mm maximum total upstand, chamfered or pencil-rounded above 5 mmMaximum
    Additional flue terminal separation rulesBeyond standard table distances, all flue terminals must maintain a minimum 300mm clearance from any combustible material, such as window framesConfirm all terminals are at least 300mm from combustible window frames, and verify heat shield dimensions if present.300 mmMinimum
    Handrails for external stepsA handrail is required for external flights of steps when the total rise exceeds 600mm and the individual step going is less than 600mmCheck that a handrail is fitted to external steps where the total rise is over 600mm, ensuring it is secure and at an appropriate height.600 mmExact
    Landscaping Levels and DPCExternal ground levels, including landscaping finishes such as turf, must be maintained at a minimum of 150mm below the damp proof course (DPC) levelCheck that all finished landscaping levels are at least 150mm below the DPC.150 mmMinimum
    Specific guarding requirements for level changesGuarding is mandated for retaining structures where the drop is greater than 600mm to an accessible lower levelMeasure the height of level changes and ensure guarding is correctly installed to a minimum height of 1100mm, with no climbable features.600 mmMinimum
    Water efficiency limit for a new dwellingNew dwelling water efficiency calculationCheck the fittings actually installed against the schedule used in the calculation — a changed shower head can break the figure.125 litres per person per day (110 where the tighter optional requirement is imposed by condition)Maximum
    Browse the full critical dimensions library

    The external works & pre-handover checklist

    0 of 23 ticked — saved on this device

    Levels, falls and damp protection

    • Confirm at least 150mm of masonry remains above finished ground level all round

      AD C
    • Check ground falls away from the building on every elevation

      NHBC 9.1
    • Verify no landscaping, decking or planting bridges the DPC

      AD C
    • Confirm air bricks and subfloor ventilators are clear and above finished level

      AD C

    Drives, paths and thresholds

    • Check sub-base type and depth match the specification for the surface and its use

      NHBC 9.1
    • Verify edge restraints are installed and haunched before surfacing

      NHBC 9.1
    • Confirm falls direct surface water to a gully or permeable area, not towards the house

      AD H3
    • Check paths are free of trip hazards, with lippage and joint widths within tolerance

      NHBC 9.1
    • Verify accessible thresholds have the correct drainage channel and level transition

      AD M
    • Confirm steps and ramps have compliant rise, going, handrails and slip resistance

      AD K

    Drainage and services outside

    • Check all chamber covers sit flush, are the correct duty and are marked as foul or surface

      BS EN 124
    • Confirm gullies are clear, trapped and set to the finished surface level

      AD H1
    • Verify soakaways and permeable areas are complete and not clogged with construction fines

      AD H3
    • Check meter boxes, external taps and EV charge points are fitted, sealed and operational

      NHBC 9.1
    • Confirm external lighting is installed, aimed and working

      BS 7671

    Boundaries and landscaping

    • Verify fence and wall positions match the plot layout and title plan

      NHBC 9.2
    • Check fence posts are set to the correct depth, plumb and securely concreted

      NHBC 9.2
    • Confirm retaining structures over 600mm have a design and adequate drainage

      NHBC 9.2
    • Check topsoil depth, grading and turf or seeding match the landscaping specification

      NHBC 9.3
    • Verify gates, bin stores and cycle stores are complete and operate correctly

      NHBC 9.2

    Presentation and safety

    • Confirm the plot is clean, with all construction materials, spoil and debris removed

      NHBC 9.4
    • Check external decoration, render and cill finishes are complete and undamaged

      NHBC 6.11
    • Verify safe, complete pedestrian access from the road to the front door

      CDM 2015

    Above and beyond: presentation and protecting the finished plot

    Externals are what the customer sees first and what site traffic damages last. Sequencing and protection are the whole game. No inspector will fail the visit on these — they are the difference between a plot that passes and a plot that hands over clean.

    • Protect finished paving, kerbs and driveways from plant and deliveries

      Tracked plant on new block paving cracks and rotates blocks, and the repair never matches.

      When: From the moment an area is laid.

    • Keep gullies, channels and drainage covers covered until the final clean

      Silt and mortar washings in a new gully means lifting the finished surface to clear it.

      When: Through the whole externals phase.

    • Protect thresholds, door frames and cills during hard landscaping

      Barrow handles and slab edges destroy new frames, and a replaced frame means new mastic, new decoration and a re-inspection.

      When: Before landscaping starts.

    • Photograph levels, falls and drainage runs before the final surface

      Standing water is the number one external callback and it is far cheaper to prove the fall before you close it up.

      When: At sub-base stage.

    • Keep the plot frontage presented from the point the scaffold comes down

      A tidy frontage is how the site is judged by inspectors, customers and the sales team, and it changes the tone of every visit.

      When: Continuously from scaffold-down.

    • Set turf and planting to the right level against the DPC

      Soil bridging the DPC is a damp bridge and it is a certain warranty item, but it is also very easily done by a landscaper working to a visual line.

      When: At topsoil and turfing.

    Full inspection point register

    11 inspection points that apply at the external works & pre-handover stage, each written in our own words from openly published guidance, with how to check it on site and what counts as acceptable. Use the checklist above on the day and this register when you need to settle a detail.

    1. Accessible threshold upstand

      How to check
      Measure the total upstand at the main entrance once the external paving is laid to its finished level.
      Acceptable when
      15 mm maximum total upstand, chamfered or pencil-rounded above 5 mm
      See the measured value
    2. Defect rectification and certification post-commissioning

      How to check
      Ensure all identified defects are addressed, and obtain the necessary commissioning certificate from the installer before project completion.
      Acceptable when
      Prior to final finishes and handover, any defects, such as leaks, identified during commissioning must be fully rectified. The installer is responsible for providing a certificate confirming that all LZC technology has been installed, tested, and commissioned according to applicable standards and regulations.
    3. External levels below the DPC

      How to check
      Measure from finished paving or ground level up to the DPC on every elevation after landscaping.
      Acceptable when
      At least 150 mm below the DPC, with paving falling away from the building to a gully or permeable area
    4. Guarding for retaining structures

      How to check
      Verify that guarding is present where retaining structures create a drop, checking for compliance with height and design standards.
      Acceptable when
      Where significant changes in ground level occur, particularly due to retaining structures, appropriate guarding must be installed. This ensures the safety of individuals, preventing falls from height.
    5. Handover pack and demonstration

      How to check
      Assemble certificates, commissioning records, test results and warranties, then walk the customer through the controls before signing.
      Acceptable when
      Complete pack issued and demonstration recorded, covering heating, ventilation, controls, isolation points and water efficiency measures
    6. MVHR terminal vermin protection

      How to check
      Check that all external MVHR terminals are fitted with appropriate grilles or mesh to prevent animal entry.
      Acceptable when
      External terminals for MVHR systems must be designed and installed to effectively prevent the ingress of birds and other small animals into the ductwork and the building's ventilation system.
    7. Non-slip finishes for external stairs

      How to check
      Verify that all external stair treads have either an appropriate non-slip finish or non-slip inserts installed.
      Acceptable when
      External staircases must incorporate design features to mitigate the risk of slipping, especially in adverse weather conditions. This typically requires either a non-slip finish applied to the entire tread surface or a non-slip insert integrated into each tread.
    8. Testing and commissioning of services and LZC technologies

      How to check
      Review commissioning certificates and witness system operation to confirm compliance with design, safety standards, and manufacturer guidelines.
      Acceptable when
      All building services and low or zero carbon (LZC) technologies must be thoroughly tested and commissioned to confirm satisfactory and safe operation, in accordance with regulatory requirements and codes of practice. This process includes ensuring the system's correct installation and functionality according to design specifications and manufacturer recommendations.
    9. Topsoil Provision for Landscaping

      How to check
      Before turfing, verify the presence of sufficient uncompacted topsoil to allow for level landscaping.
      Acceptable when
      Prior to turfing or planting, it is crucial to ensure an adequate depth of good quality topsoil is present over the subsoil. This is necessary to create a level garden area and support healthy plant growth, with care taken to avoid compacting the subsoil.
    10. Unguarded retaining structure height

      How to check
      Verify that any accessible retaining structure higher than 600mm is provided with suitable guarding.
      Acceptable when
      Retaining structures, such as walls, that are readily accessible must have protective guarding if their height exceeds a certain limit. This prevents falls from height and ensures the safety of people using the adjacent areas.
    11. Water efficiency calculation

      How to check
      Complete the water efficiency calculation from the fittings actually installed and record it with the handover pack.
      Acceptable when
      125 litres per person per day, or 110 where the tighter optional requirement applies by condition
      See the measured value

    Most common reasons this visit fails

    Levels raised over the DPC

    Landscaping tips soil against the wall and the 150mm clearance disappears. Set a permanent mark at DPC level on each plot and check against it after grading.

    High — a bridged DPC is a damp claim waiting to happen.

    Drive falling towards the house

    Water is directed at the threshold instead of the gully. Set falls with a level before the surfacing crew arrives, not after.

    Medium to high — Part M non-compliance blocks completion.

    Chamber covers left proud

    Frames set to the pre-surfacing level become trip hazards. Adjust frames when the finished level is confirmed.

    Medium — but often means relaying finished paving.

    Sub-base skimped under a drive

    Rutting and settlement appear within the first year and the whole drive comes up. Check depth and compaction while it is open.

    Medium — usually cleared quickly if spotted before the visit.

    External Works & Pre-Handover inspection FAQs

    Sequence hard landscaping as late as you can, and where it has to go in early, board and route site traffic away from it. Tracked plant on new block paving rotates and cracks blocks, and the repair rarely matches.

    At least 150mm of masonry between the finished external ground level and the damp proof course, measured after all landscaping. Where an accessible threshold prevents it, a designed drainage channel detail is required.

    They have to be complete enough for safe access and for the home to function — a finished route to the front door, working surface drainage, secure boundaries. Incomplete externals are one of the most common reasons a pre-CML visit is aborted.

    Enough to move water positively to a gully or permeable area and always away from the dwelling — commonly around 1:60 to 1:80 for a paved surface. The critical requirement is that no fall directs water at the building.

    Generally a quarter to a third of the above-ground height, concreted, with deeper settings for exposed sites and taller panels. Posts that move in the first winter are a routine handover complaint.

    The adopting highway authority and water company inspect anything offered for adoption, separately from the warranty provider. Their standards are additional to the Building Regulations, so keep both sets of requirements on the plot programme.

    Run this checklist live on site

    ProPlot's audit tool includes these external works & pre-handover checks as interactive helpers — tick items off, attach GPS-stamped photos, and share the report with your inspector in one tap. Free while in beta.

    Go deeper: Quality Intelligence

    Our free, cited reference library — critical dimensions, build stage guidance, common defects and plain-English guides.

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