NHBC Chapter 5.1–5.2, Approved Documents C & L

    Ground Floor & Slab Inspection Checklist

    Pre-slab and beam-and-block checks — DPM and radon membrane, floor insulation, beam bearings, void ventilation, service penetrations and mesh position before the pour.

    19 checks · Reviewed by the ProPlot site team · How we write these guides

    In short

    The ground floor inspection is carried out before the slab is poured or the screed laid. The inspector checks the sub-base and blinding, the damp-proof membrane and any radon barrier and their laps, floor insulation type and continuity, beam bearings on suspended floors, mesh position and every service penetration.

    Use it on site
    Ground floor build-up section showing hardcore, DPM, insulation and slabhardcore, blindeddamp-proof membraneinsulation, joints tapedslab or screedGround floor — build-up checked before the pourDPM lapped and sealed to the DPC
    Ground floor build-up at the pre-slab visit, with the damp-proof membrane continuous beneath the insulation and lapped into the wall DPC. ProPlot original drawing, prepared from the Building Regulations Approved Documents and British Standards. Indicative only — build to the approved drawings for the plot.

    The ground floor gets less attention than the foundation below it and the walls above it, which is exactly why it produces so many late problems. A punctured damp-proof membrane, a strip of missing perimeter insulation or a radon barrier that was never sealed to the wall DPC will not be visible again after the screed goes down, and the symptoms — cold floors, damp patches, a failed radon test — arrive after the buyer has moved in.

    On a beam-and-block floor the inspector checks bearings, grouting, the void depth and the through-wall ventilation before the insulation goes on. On a ground-bearing slab they check the sub-base and blinding, the membrane and its laps and upstands, insulation type and thickness, mesh position within the depth of the concrete, and every service penetration and sleeve. Either way this is a pre-pour visit: it has to happen while the build-up is still open.

    Work the list below in the order the floor goes together, and photograph the membrane and the insulation layer before anything covers them. Those two images resolve most future arguments about the ground floor.

    What happens at this visit

    When it happens

    After the floor build-up is complete — membrane, insulation, mesh and service penetrations — and immediately before screeding or pouring the slab.

    Who inspects

    Warranty provider inspector and building control. In radon-affected areas building control will look specifically at the barrier and its sealing.

    If it fails

    Correcting a floor after the pour means breaking out and re-laying, usually with the shell already up. Radon barrier failures can require a retro-fitted sump and fan system plus post-completion testing.

    How this visit is booked and recorded

    Inspection type
    Intermediate inspection on most plots, and a Risk Based Inspection where there is a gas membrane, deep fill or a beam-and-block floor over a void.
    Notice required
    24 hours’ notice. Call it before the slab is poured or the screed goes down, while insulation, membranes and service penetrations are still visible.
    What it signs off
    Feeds Part C (contaminants and moisture) and Part L (fabric performance) evidence, including the as-built BREL photo record.

    What the inspector will ask for

    • Floor construction detail and insulation specification
    • Gas or radon membrane specification and the site’s gas risk assessment
    • DPM and DPC lap details
    • Beam-and-block layout drawing and void ventilation calculation
    • SAP inputs for the floor U-value

    Photograph these moments in time

    • Insulation laid, taped and continuous before the pour
    • DPM lapped and sealed to the wall DPC
    • Gas membrane joints, corners and top-hat seals at every penetration
    • Underfloor heating pipework clipped and pressurised before screeding
    • Void depth and airbrick positions on suspended floors

    Concealed work cannot be re-photographed later. Take these before the element is covered and file them against the plot.

    Reportable Item hotspots at this stage

    A Reportable Item (RI) is a defect the inspector records against the plot. NHBC weigh each one by its Damage Potential, and the score feeds your site's Construction Quality Review. These are the ones raised most often here:

    • Gas membrane punctured by service entries
    • Insulation gaps at the perimeter and around penetrations
    • DPM not lapped to the DPC
    How Reportable Items and Quality Common Scoring work

    The numbers for this stage

    The measurable values most often argued about at the ground floor & slab visit, each traced to an openly published source. Take a tape to the ones that apply before you book.

    Critical dimensions that apply at the ground floor & slab inspection
    WhatValueType
    Ground-bearing floors over deep fill or sulphate-rich groundWhen a concrete floor is constructed over deep fill exceeding 600mm, it should be designed as a suspended floor rather than ground-bearingVerify the depth of fill beneath floor slabs and ensure appropriate sulphate-resistant measures or suspended floor construction are in place.600 mmExact
    Ground-supported floor slab thicknessGround-supported concrete floor slab on hardcoreCheck depth pegs or level markers across the pour, not just at the perimeter, and confirm the membrane has not been pushed up into the slab depth.100 mmMinimum
    Maximum depth of a hardcore bed under a slabGround-supported concrete floor slab on a hardcore bedCheck the reduced-level dig against the finished slab level before hardcore is placed. Deeper fill needs a designed solution rather than more hardcore.600 mmMaximum
    Minimum thickness for ground-bearing floorsGround-bearing floor slabs, where applicable, must have a minimum thickness of 100mmCheck the thickness of ground-bearing slabs during construction to ensure it meets the 100mm minimum requirement.100 mmMinimum
    Minimum thickness of a polythene damp-proof membranePolythene sheet used as a damp-proof membrane below or above a ground-bearing slab.Walk the membrane before the pour and look for punctures over hardcore high spots; patch with the same material and tape.0.3 mm (1200 gauge)Minimum
    Sub-floor ventilation opening areaSuspended ground floor with a ventilated voidCount and measure airbricks on every elevation, then check the ducts through the cavity are clear and not blocked by mortar droppings or insulation.1500 mm² per metre run of external wall, or 500 mm² per square metre of floor area — whichever is the greaterMinimum
    Ventilated void depth under a suspended timber floorSuspended timber ground floor over a ventilated voidMeasure at the deepest point of the oversite before the floor is decked. Check the void is clear of spoil, offcuts and mortar droppings that reduce the depth or block cross-flow.75 mm to the underside of the wall plate and 150 mm to the underside of the joistsMinimum
    Browse the full critical dimensions library

    The ground floor & slab checklist

    0 of 19 ticked — saved on this device

    Sub-base and preparation

    • Confirm hardcore is a suitable inert material, laid in layers and properly compacted

      AD C
    • Check sand blinding is complete and free of sharp material that could puncture the membrane

      NHBC 5.2
    • Verify finished floor levels and thicknesses match the drawings before laying the build-up

      NHBC 5.2

    Damp proofing and gas protection

    • Confirm DPM is the specified gauge, continuous and free from punctures or tears

      AD C
    • Check DPM laps are at least 150mm, taped, and dressed up to lap the wall DPC

      AD C
    • Verify radon or gas membrane, where required, is sealed at all penetrations and perimeters

      BR 211
    • Confirm any radon sump and pipework is installed and capped ready for future connection

      BR 211

    Beam and block floors

    • Check beam type, spacing and bearing length match the manufacturer's layout drawing

      NHBC 5.2
    • Confirm infill blocks are the correct strength and the floor is grouted and brushed in

      NHBC 5.2
    • Verify the ventilated void depth beneath the floor meets the minimum required

      AD C
    • Check through-wall ventilators or periscopes are installed and clear of debris

      AD C

    Insulation and slab

    • Confirm floor insulation type and thickness match the SAP specification

      AD L1A
    • Check insulation is tight-butted with no gaps and perimeter upstand insulation fitted

      AD L1A
    • Verify mesh or fibre reinforcement is correctly positioned within the slab depth

      NHBC 5.2
    • Check underfloor heating pipework is clipped, pressure tested and pressurised during the pour

      BS EN 1264
    • Confirm movement or edge strips are fitted where the screed abuts walls and columns

      NHBC 5.2

    Services and penetrations

    • Verify all service entries through the floor are sleeved, positioned per drawing and sealed

      AD C
    • Check drainage stubs and SVP positions match the layout before the floor is closed

      AD H
    • Confirm photographs of the membrane and insulation are on the plot file before the pour

      BREL

    Above and beyond: getting the slab right for every trade after you

    The floor is the datum for the whole plot. Damage and contamination here shows up in the tiling, the kitchen and the door thresholds. No inspector will fail the visit on these — they are the difference between a plot that passes and a plot that hands over clean.

    • Sweep, cap and protect service penetrations through the slab

      Concrete or screed in a soil branch or a conduit is a chase-and-break job later.

      When: Before and immediately after the pour.

    • Protect insulation and the DPM from foot and barrow traffic

      A punctured DPM is a damp snag that surfaces months after handover, and torn insulation is a cold spot on the thermal image.

      When: Board out walkways before the pour.

    • Record the finished floor level against the datum in each room

      Level errors here become out-of-tolerance stairs, doors and worktops, and they are cheap to catch now.

      When: Within 24 hours of the pour.

    • Cure the slab properly and keep it off the drying critical path

      Rushed drying means curled edges, cracked screed and a floor covering claim.

      When: From pour until the moisture reading passes.

    • Cover the finished slab before following trades start

      Mortar droppings, paint and plaster splashes on a power float finish all have to be ground off before floor coverings.

      When: As soon as it has cured.

    • Photograph insulation, DPM laps and perimeter upstands

      This is Part L evidence and it is also your defence if a damp query comes back.

      When: Before the pour, room by room.

    Full inspection point register

    1 inspection points that apply at the ground floor & slab stage, each written in our own words from openly published guidance, with how to check it on site and what counts as acceptable. Use the checklist above on the day and this register when you need to settle a detail.

    1. Sub-floor ventilation opening area

      How to check
      Count and measure airbricks on every elevation, then check the ducts through the cavity are clear and not blocked by mortar droppings or insulation.
      Acceptable when
      1500 mm² per metre run of external wall, or 500 mm² per square metre of floor area — whichever is the greater
      See the measured value

    Most common reasons this visit fails

    Membrane punctured by traffic

    Barrows and boots after the membrane is laid do the damage. Lay it as late as possible, board any route across it, and inspect immediately before the pour.

    High — a breached membrane is a health and safety issue, not a snag.

    Radon barrier not sealed to the DPC

    The floor membrane and the wall DPC have to form one continuous barrier. The junction at the perimeter is where it is nearly always missed.

    Medium — but it shows on the SAP as-built and in thermal imaging.

    Missing perimeter upstand insulation

    A cold bridge right around the room, and a SAP input that no longer matches the build. Fit the upstand before the insulation field is laid.

    High — leads to damp claims and is buried under the slab.

    Void ventilators blocked

    Periscopes filled with mortar or buried by landscaping stop a suspended floor breathing. Check them again once external levels are finished.

    Medium — recoverable if caught before the screed.

    Ground Floor & Slab inspection FAQs

    Level errors in the slab become out-of-tolerance stairs, doors and worktops much later, when the fix is far more expensive. Checking against the datum within a day of the pour is cheap insurance.

    Immediately before the slab is poured or the screed laid, with the membrane, insulation, mesh and service penetrations all visible. It is a pre-pour visit like the foundation inspection.

    At least 150mm at joints, taped and sealed, with the membrane carried up at the perimeter to lap the wall DPC so damp cannot bypass either barrier.

    A clear ventilated void with cross-ventilation through the external walls, achieved with air bricks or periscopes on opposing sides — check Approved Document C for the void depth and free area for the specific construction.

    Where the engineer's detail says — usually in the upper third for a slab in bending, on chairs, not pulled up by hand during the pour. Mesh lying on the membrane does nothing.

    Only where the site falls within a radon-affected area on the UKHSA/BGS mapping. Where required, the barrier and any sump provision are checked and photographed at this stage.

    Run this checklist live on site

    ProPlot's audit tool includes these ground floor & slab checks as interactive helpers — tick items off, attach GPS-stamped photos, and share the report with your inspector in one tap. Free while in beta.

    Go deeper: Quality Intelligence

    Our free, cited reference library — critical dimensions, build stage guidance, common defects and plain-English guides.

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